Start by defining each character’s relationship to time. Are they grounded in the values of their era, or do they feel out of place? This sense of belonging—or lack of it—shapes their reaction to time travel and affects how they adapt to new settings. A character from the 1800s might find modern customs overwhelming, while a futuristic character may be fascinated by the past’s simplicity.

Clear motivations for time travel are crucial. Whether driven by curiosity, revenge, or the need to fix a mistake, these motivations provide purpose and emotional weight to the journey. For example, a character hoping to change history might wrestle with ethical dilemmas, adding depth to their choices and keeping readers engaged in their struggle.

Cultural adaptability is another key. Experiencing a different era brings inevitable culture shock, which reveals each character’s resilience or limitations. Use their encounters with unfamiliar technology, customs, or social roles to showcase growth, humor, or conflict. The character’s reactions to these changes can reveal personality traits and help readers empathize with their disorientation or fascination.

Finally, allow internal and external conflicts to evolve naturally as the character journeys through time. Time travel often comes with paradoxes and challenges that lead to self-discovery. By reflecting on their journey and facing the personal impact of changing (or witnessing) history, characters gain insight into themselves and what they value most.

In a well-crafted time-travel story, characters don’t just move between times; they learn, adapt, and transform in ways that feel meaningful and real. By shaping characters who are relatable yet complex, you create an adventure that resonates with readers across all eras.